Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints. It is part of a group of diseases known as spondyloarthropathies, which are characterized by inflammation in the joints and entheses, where ligaments and tendons attach to bone. The exact cause of AS remains elusive, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. Recent research has highlighted the potential role of the gut-immune axis and probiotics in influencing the course of this disease.

The Gut-Immune Axis: A Complex Interaction

The gut-immune axis refers to the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the immune system. The human gut is home to trillions of microorganisms, collectively known as the microbiota, which play a crucial role in maintaining health by aiding digestion, synthesizing vitamins, and protecting against pathogens. Importantly, the gut microbiota also interacts with the immune system, influencing its development and function.

In individuals with AS, there is evidence suggesting alterations in the gut microbiota composition. Studies have shown that patients with AS oft...